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The syntax-first approach proposes that the structure of a sentence plays a crucial role in how we interpret its meaning. According to this perspective, when processing a sentence, individuals initially focus on its grammatical structure to construct an understanding of the sentence. This means that the interpretations made during parsing are primarily shaped by the syntactic rules and relationships evident in the sentence rather than by semantic cues or meanings derived from words in isolation.

This approach is based on the idea that the human cognitive system prioritizes syntax in determining the correct parsing of a sentence, which can lead to certain interpretations being favored over others, especially in ambiguous sentences. By following syntactic rules, the brain can more quickly and efficiently navigate through complex constructions, enabling a clearer understanding of how components of the sentence relate to each other functionally.

In contrast, other approaches place emphasis on different aspects such as semantics or real-time interaction between semantic and syntactic processes, highlighting the different ways these theories interpret the competence of sentence comprehension in the human mind.